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> Soil Evaluation For Desirable And Detrimental Properties
Soil Evaluation
Soil Evaluation For Desirable And Detrimental Properties
| Soil
Health Property |
Healthy |
Unhealthy |
Corrective
Action |
| plant
appearance |
lush,
uniform, dense, tall, large, sturdy, proper color |
yellow,
stunted, small, poor color, light green, spotty |
Correct
soil problem or test plant for needed actions |
| soil
structure |
crumbly,
loose, holds together, granular |
hard
when dry, doesn't hold together, lumps fall apart, massive, cloddy, clumpy,
tight, compacted, powdery |
Amend
and condition to increase physical properties |
| roots |
large,
branches and spreads out, white, grows downward, numerous, good penetration,
lots of feeder roots |
won't
penetrate, undeveloped, balls up, grows crossways, discolored, diseased,
shallow, short |
Amend
and condition to increase physical properties |
| soil
color |
dark,
black, dark brown, gray, holds dark color when dry |
orange,
brown, light, white, red blue-gray, bleached, sandy color, light brown,
pale, anemic |
Add
organic matter |
| water
infiltration |
water
does not stand, absorbs, water moves into soil, soaks, rapid, no ponding |
water
runs off soil, sits on surface, water stands, wont absorb, puddles,
nonporous |
Amend
and condition to increase physical properties |
| compaction |
doesn't
pack down, not compacted, remains loose |
compacted,
hardpan, tight, packed, difficult to till |
Till,
amend and condition |
| earthworms |
many
present after rain or irrigation, holes and castings present, found during
tillage |
not
present, no holes |
Correct
soil chemistry and/or correct physical problems, add organic matter |
| erosion |
soil
will not erode, remains in place |
blows
away, washes away, erodes, causes dust clouds, rills present |
Amend
and condition |
| drainage |
water
disappears quickly, no ponding, soil dries out quickly |
tight,
waterlogged, ponding, saturated |
Amend
and condition to increase physical properties |
| ease
of tillage |
breaks
up in one pass, mellow, smooth, crumbles, minimum amount of effort needed |
clods
don't breakdown, lumpy after tillage |
Amend
and condition to increase physical properties |
| water
retention |
holds
moisture, gives and takes water freely, excessive irrigation not needed |
has
too much water, doesn't hold water, either too wet or too dry, droughty,
remains wet |
Remove
surface crust or improve physical properties |
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